Computer Processing of Remotely-Sensed Images
The science of remote sensing comprises the analysis and interpretation of measurements of electromagnetic radia-tion that is reflected from or emitted by a target and
observed or recorded from a vantage point by an observer or instrument that is not in contact with the target. Earth observation (EO) by remote sensing is the interpretation
and understanding of measurements made by airborne or satellite-borne instruments of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected from or emitted by objects on the Earth’s
land, ocean, or ice surfaces or within the atmosphere, and the establishment of relationships between these measure-
ments and the nature and distribution of phenomena on the Earth’s surface or within the atmosphere. An important principle underlying the use of remotely-sensed data
is that different objects on the Earth’s surface and in the atmosphere reflect, absorb, transmit or emit electromagnetic
energy in different proportions, and that such differences allow these components to be identified. Sensors mounted on aircraft or satellite platforms record the magnitude of
the energy flux reflected from or emitted by objects on the Earth’s surface. These measurements are made at a large number of points distributed either along a one-dimensional profile on the ground below the platform or over a twodimensional area below or to one side of the ground track of the platform. Figure 1.1 shows an image being collected by a nadir-looking sensor.
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